Implement by-type tick-framing in throttler loop

This has been an outstanding idea for a while and changes the framing
format of tick events into a `dict[str, list[dict]]` wherein for each
tick "type" (eg. 'bid', 'ask', 'trade', 'asize'..etc) we create an FIFO
ordered `list` of events (data) and then pack this table into each
(throttled) send. This gives an additional implied downsample reduction
(in terms of iteration on the consumer side) from `N` tick-events to
a (max) `T` tick-types presuming the rx side only needs the latest tick
event.

Drop the `types: set` and adjust clearing event test to use the new
`ticks_by_type` map's keys.

piker/data/_sampling.py

@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ financial data flows.
 
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
-from collections import Counter
+from collections import (
+    Counter,
+    defaultdict,
+)
 import time
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -405,10 +408,17 @@ async def sample_and_broadcast(
                     )
 
 
+# a working tick-type-classes template
+_tick_groups = {
+    'clears': {'trade', 'utrade', 'last'},
+    'bids': {'bid', 'bsize'},
+    'asks': {'ask', 'asize'},
+}
+
+
 # TODO: a less naive throttler, here's some snippets:
 # token bucket by njs:
 # https://gist.github.com/njsmith/7ea44ec07e901cb78ebe1dd8dd846cb9
-
 async def uniform_rate_send(
 
     rate: float,
@@ -428,7 +438,12 @@ async def uniform_rate_send(
     diff = 0
 
     task_status.started()
-    types: set[str] = set()
+    ticks_by_type: defaultdict[
+        str,
+        list[dict],
+    ] = defaultdict(list)
+
+    clear_types = _tick_groups['clears']
 
     while True:
 
@@ -457,25 +472,41 @@ async def uniform_rate_send(
                     # tick array/buffer.
                     ticks = last_quote.get('ticks')
 
-                    # XXX: idea for frame type data structure we could
-                    # use on the wire instead of a simple list?
-                    # frames = {
-                    #     'index': ['type_a', 'type_c', 'type_n', 'type_n'],
-
-                    #     'type_a': [tick0, tick1, tick2, .., tickn],
-                    #     'type_b': [tick0, tick1, tick2, .., tickn],
-                    #     'type_c': [tick0, tick1, tick2, .., tickn],
-                    #     ...
-                    #     'type_n': [tick0, tick1, tick2, .., tickn],
-                    # }
-
                     # TODO: once we decide to get fancy really we should
                     # have a shared mem tick buffer that is just
                     # continually filled and the UI just ready from it
                     # at it's display rate.
                     if ticks:
+                        # TODO: do we need this any more or can we just
+                        # expect the receiver to unwind the below
+                        # `ticks_by_type: dict`?
+                        # => undwinding would potentially require a
+                        # `dict[str, set | list]` instead with an
+                        # included `'types' field which is an (ordered)
+                        # set of tick type fields in the order which
+                        # types arrived?
                         first_quote['ticks'].extend(ticks)
-                        types.update(item['type'] for item in ticks)
+
+                        # XXX: build a tick-by-type table of lists
+                        # of tick messages. This allows for less
+                        # iteration on the receiver side by allowing for
+                        # a single "latest tick event" look up by
+                        # indexing the last entry in each sub-list.
+                        # tbt = {
+                        #     'types': ['bid', 'asize', 'last', .. '<type_n>'],
+
+                        #     'bid': [tick0, tick1, tick2, .., tickn],
+                        #     'asize': [tick0, tick1, tick2, .., tickn],
+                        #     'last': [tick0, tick1, tick2, .., tickn],
+                        #     ...
+                        #     '<type_n>': [tick0, tick1, tick2, .., tickn],
+                        # }
+                        for tick in ticks:
+                            # append in reverse FIFO order for in-order
+                            # iteration on receiver side.
+                            ticks_by_type[tick['type']].append(tick)
+
+                        first_quote['tbt'] = ticks_by_type
 
                     # send cycle isn't due yet so continue waiting
                     continue
@@ -496,7 +527,7 @@ async def uniform_rate_send(
 
         with trio.move_on_after(1/60) as cs:
             while (
-                not types.intersection({'trade', 'utrade', 'last'})
+                not set(ticks_by_type).intersection(clear_types)
             ):
                 try:
                     sym, last_quote = await quote_stream.receive()
@@ -506,7 +537,13 @@ async def uniform_rate_send(
 
                 ticks = last_quote.get('ticks')
                 first_quote['ticks'].extend(ticks)
-                types.update(item['type'] for item in ticks)
+                if ticks:
+                    for tick in ticks:
+                        # append in reverse FIFO order for in-order
+                        # iteration on receiver side.
+                        ticks_by_type[tick['type']].append(tick)
+
+                    first_quote['tbt'] = ticks_by_type
 
         # measured_rate = 1 / (time.time() - last_send)
         # log.info(
@@ -537,4 +574,4 @@ async def uniform_rate_send(
         first_quote = last_quote = None
         diff = 0
         last_send = time.time()
-        types.clear()
+        ticks_by_type.clear()