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tractor |logo| ``tractor``: next-gen Python parallelism
=======
A `structured concurrent`_, async-native "`actor model`_" built on trio_ and multiprocessing_.
|gh_actions| |gh_actions|
|docs| |docs|
.. _actor model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model .. _actor model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model
.. _trio: https://github.com/python-trio/trio .. _trio: https://github.com/python-trio/trio
.. _multiprocessing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprocessing .. _multi-processing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprocessing
.. _trionic: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/design.html#high-level-design-principles .. _trionic: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/design.html#high-level-design-principles
.. _async sandwich: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial.html#async-sandwich .. _async sandwich: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial.html#async-sandwich
.. _structured concurrent: https://trio.discourse.group/t/concise-definition-of-structured-concurrency/228 .. _structured concurrent: https://trio.discourse.group/t/concise-definition-of-structured-concurrency/228
``tractor`` is an attempt to bring trionic_ `structured concurrency`_ to ``tractor`` is a `structured concurrent`_ "`actor model`_" built on trio_ and multi-processing_.
distributed multi-core Python; it aims to be the Python multi-processing
framework *you always wanted*.
``tractor`` lets you spawn ``trio`` *"actors"*: processes which each run We pair structured concurrency and true multi-core parallelism with
a ``trio`` scheduled task tree (also known as an `async sandwich`_). the aim of being the multi-processing framework *you always wanted*.
*Actors* communicate by exchanging asynchronous messages_ and avoid
sharing any state. This model allows for highly distributed software
architecture which works just as well on multiple cores as it does over
many hosts.
The first step to grok ``tractor`` is to get the basics of ``trio`` down. The first step to grok ``tractor`` is to get the basics of ``trio`` down.
A great place to start is the `trio docs`_ and this `blog post`_. A great place to start is the `trio docs`_ and this `blog post`_.
Features
--------
- **It's just** a ``trio`` API
- Infinitely nesteable process trees
- Built-in APIs for inter-process streaming
- A (first ever?) "native" multi-core debugger for Python using `pdb++`_
- Support for multiple process spawning backends
- A modular transport layer, allowing for custom serialization,
communications protocols, and environment specific IPC primitives
Zombie safe: self-destruct a process tree
-----------------------------------------
``tractor`` tries to protect you from zombies, no matter what.
.. code:: python
"""
Run with a process monitor from a terminal using::
$TERM -e watch -n 0.1 "pstree -a $$" \
& python examples/parallelism/we_are_processes.py \
&& kill $!
"""
from multiprocessing import cpu_count
import os
import tractor
import trio
async def target():
print(
f"Yo, i'm '{tractor.current_actor().name}' "
f"running in pid {os.getpid()}"
)
await trio.sleep_forever()
async def main():
async with tractor.open_nursery() as n:
for i in range(cpu_count()):
await n.run_in_actor(target, name=f'worker_{i}')
print('This process tree will self-destruct in 1 sec...')
await trio.sleep(1)
# you could have done this yourself
raise Exception('Self Destructed')
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
trio.run(main)
except Exception:
print('Zombies Contained')
If you can create zombie child processes (without using a system signal)
it **is a bug**.
"Native" multi-process debugging
--------------------------------
Using the magic of `pdb++`_ and our internal IPC, we've
been able to create a native feeling debugging experience for
any (sub-)process in your ``tractor`` tree.
.. code:: python
from os import getpid
import tractor
import trio
async def breakpoint_forever():
"Indefinitely re-enter debugger in child actor."
while True:
yield 'yo'
await tractor.breakpoint()
async def name_error():
"Raise a ``NameError``"
getattr(doggypants)
async def main():
"""Test breakpoint in a streaming actor.
"""
async with tractor.open_nursery(
debug_mode=True,
loglevel='error',
) as n:
p0 = await n.start_actor('bp_forever', enable_modules=[__name__])
p1 = await n.start_actor('name_error', enable_modules=[__name__])
# retreive results
stream = await p0.run(breakpoint_forever)
await p1.run(name_error)
if __name__ == '__main__':
trio.run(main)
You can run this with::
>>> python examples/debugging/multi_daemon_subactors.py
And, yes, there's a built-in crash handling mode B)
We're hoping to add a respawn-from-repl system soon!
Worker poolz are easy peasy
---------------------------
The initial ask from most new users is *"how do I make a worker
pool thing?"*.
``tractor`` is built to handle any SC (structured concurrent) process
tree you can imagine; a "worker pool" pattern is a trivial special
case.
We have a `full re-implementation <worker_pool>`_ of the std-lib's
``concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor`` example for reference.
You can run it like so (from this dir) to see the process tree in
real time::
$TERM -e watch -n 0.1 "pstree -a $$" \
& python examples/parallelism/concurrent_actors_primes.py \
&& kill $!
This uses no extra threads, fancy semaphores or futures; all we need
is ``tractor``'s IPC!
.. _worker_pool: https://github.com/goodboy/tractor/blob/master/examples/parallelism/concurrent_actors_primes.py
Install
-------
No PyPi release yet!
From git::
pip install git+git://github.com/goodboy/tractor.git
Under the hood
--------------
``tractor`` is an attempt to pair trionic_ `structured concurrency`_ with
distributed Python. You can think of it as a ``trio``
*-across-processes* or simply as an opinionated replacement for the
stdlib's ``multiprocessing`` but built on async programming primitives
from the ground up.
``tractor``'s nurseries let you spawn ``trio`` *"actors"*: new Python
processes which each run a ``trio`` scheduled runtime - a call to ``trio.run()``.
Don't be scared off by this description. ``tractor`` **is just** ``trio``
but with nurseries for process management and cancel-able streaming IPC.
If you understand how to work with ``trio``, ``tractor`` will give you
the parallelism you've been missing.
"Actors" communicate by exchanging asynchronous messages_ and avoid
sharing state. The intention of this model is to allow for highly
distributed software that, through the adherence to *structured
concurrency*, results in systems which fail in predictable and
recoverable ways.
What's on the TODO:
-------------------
Help us push toward the future.
- (Soon to land) ``asyncio`` support allowing for "infected" actors where
`trio` drives the `asyncio` scheduler via the astounding "`guest mode`_"
- Typed messaging protocols (ex. via ``msgspec``)
- Erlang-style supervisors via composed context managers
Feel like saying hi?
--------------------
This project is very much coupled to the ongoing development of
``trio`` (i.e. ``tractor`` gets most of its ideas from that brilliant
community). If you want to help, have suggestions or just want to
say hi, please feel free to reach us in our `matrix channel`_. If
matrix seems too hip, we're also mostly all in the the `trio gitter
channel`_!
.. _trio gitter channel: https://gitter.im/python-trio/general
.. _matrix channel: https://matrix.to/#/!tractor:matrix.org
.. _pdb++: https://github.com/pdbpp/pdbpp
.. _guest mode: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-lowlevel.html?highlight=guest%20mode#using-guest-mode-to-run-trio-on-top-of-other-event-loops
.. _messages: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_passing .. _messages: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_passing
.. _trio docs: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ .. _trio docs: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
.. _blog post: https://vorpus.org/blog/notes-on-structured-concurrency-or-go-statement-considered-harmful/ .. _blog post: https://vorpus.org/blog/notes-on-structured-concurrency-or-go-statement-considered-harmful/
@ -36,30 +230,13 @@ A great place to start is the `trio docs`_ and this `blog post`_.
.. _async generators: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0525/ .. _async generators: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0525/
Install
-------
No PyPi release yet!
::
pip install git+git://github.com/goodboy/tractor.git
Feel like saying hi?
--------------------
This project is very much coupled to the ongoing development of
``trio`` (i.e. ``tractor`` gets most of its ideas from that brilliant
community). If you want to help, have suggestions or just want to
say hi, please feel free to reach us on in our `matrix channel`_. If
matrix seems too hip, we're also mostly all in the the `trio gitter
channel`_!
.. _trio gitter channel: https://gitter.im/python-trio/general
.. _matrix channel: https://matrix.to/#/!tractor:matrix.org
.. |gh_actions| image:: https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Factions-badge.atrox.dev%2Fgoodboy%2Ftractor%2Fbadge&style=popout-square .. |gh_actions| image:: https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Factions-badge.atrox.dev%2Fgoodboy%2Ftractor%2Fbadge&style=popout-square
:target: https://actions-badge.atrox.dev/goodboy/tractor/goto :target: https://actions-badge.atrox.dev/goodboy/tractor/goto
.. |docs| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/tractor/badge/?version=latest .. |docs| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/tractor/badge/?version=latest
:target: https://tractor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest :target: https://tractor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
:alt: Documentation Status :alt: Documentation Status
.. |logo| image:: _static/tractor_logo_side.svg
:width: 250
:align: middle

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tractor
=======
The Python async-native multi-core system *you always wanted*.
|gh_actions|
|docs|
.. _actor model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model
.. _trio: https://github.com/python-trio/trio
.. _multi-processing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprocessing
.. _trionic: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/design.html#high-level-design-principles
.. _async sandwich: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial.html#async-sandwich
.. _structured concurrent: https://trio.discourse.group/t/concise-definition-of-structured-concurrency/228
``tractor`` is a `structured concurrent`_ "`actor model`_" built on trio_ and multi-processing_.
It is an attempt to pair trionic_ `structured concurrency`_ with
distributed Python. You can think of it as a ``trio``
*-across-processes* or simply as an opinionated replacement for the
stdlib's ``multiprocessing`` but built on async programming primitives
from the ground up.
Don't be scared off by this description. ``tractor`` **is just ``trio``**
but with nurseries for process management and cancel-able IPC.
If you understand how to work with ``trio``, ``tractor`` will give you
the parallelism you've been missing.
``tractor``'s nurseries let you spawn ``trio`` *"actors"*: new Python
processes which each run a ``trio`` scheduled task tree (also known as
an `async sandwich`_ - a call to ``trio.run()``). That is, each
"*Actor*" is a new process plus a ``trio`` runtime.
"Actors" communicate by exchanging asynchronous messages_ and avoid
sharing state. The intention of this model is to allow for highly
distributed software that, through the adherence to *structured
concurrency*, results in systems which fail in predictable and
recoverable ways.
The first step to grok ``tractor`` is to get the basics of ``trio`` down.
A great place to start is the `trio docs`_ and this `blog post`_.
.. _messages: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_passing
.. _trio docs: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
.. _blog post: https://vorpus.org/blog/notes-on-structured-concurrency-or-go-statement-considered-harmful/
.. _structured concurrency: https://vorpus.org/blog/notes-on-structured-concurrency-or-go-statement-considered-harmful/
.. _3 axioms: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model#Fundamental_concepts
.. _unrequirements: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model#Direct_communication_and_asynchrony
.. _async generators: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0525/
Install
-------
No PyPi release yet!
::
pip install git+git://github.com/goodboy/tractor.git
Alluring Features
-----------------
- **It's just** ``trio``, but with SC applied to processes (aka "actors")
- Infinitely nesteable process trees
- Built-in API for inter-process streaming
- A (first ever?) "native" multi-core debugger for Python using `pdb++`_
- (Soon to land) ``asyncio`` support allowing for "infected" actors where
`trio` drives the `asyncio` scheduler via the astounding "`guest mode`_"
Example: self-destruct a process tree
-------------------------------------
.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/parallelism/we_are_processes.py
:language: python
The example you're probably after...
------------------------------------
It seems the initial query from most new users is "how do I make a worker
pool thing?".
``tractor`` is built to handle any SC process tree you can
imagine; the "worker pool" pattern is a trivial special case:
.. literalinclude:: ../../examples/parallelism/concurrent_actors_primes.py
:language: python
Feel like saying hi?
--------------------
This project is very much coupled to the ongoing development of
``trio`` (i.e. ``tractor`` gets most of its ideas from that brilliant
community). If you want to help, have suggestions or just want to
say hi, please feel free to reach us in our `matrix channel`_. If
matrix seems too hip, we're also mostly all in the the `trio gitter
channel`_!
.. _trio gitter channel: https://gitter.im/python-trio/general
.. _matrix channel: https://matrix.to/#/!tractor:matrix.org
.. _pdb++: https://github.com/pdbpp/pdbpp
.. _guest mode: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-lowlevel.html?highlight=guest%20mode#using-guest-mode-to-run-trio-on-top-of-other-event-loops
.. |gh_actions| image:: https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Factions-badge.atrox.dev%2Fgoodboy%2Ftractor%2Fbadge&style=popout-square
:target: https://actions-badge.atrox.dev/goodboy/tractor/goto
.. |docs| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/tractor/badge/?version=latest
:target: https://tractor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
:alt: Documentation Status

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# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
# this config is for the rst generation extension and thus
# requires only basic settings:
# https://github.com/sphinx-contrib/restbuilder
# -- Path setup --------------------------------------------------------------
# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
#
# import os
# import sys
# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
# Warn about all references to unknown targets
nitpicky = True
# The master toctree document.
master_doc = '_sphinx_readme'
# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
project = 'tractor'
copyright = '2018, Tyler Goodlet'
author = 'Tyler Goodlet'
# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
release = '0.0.0a0.dev0'
# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
# ones.
extensions = [
'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
'sphinx.ext.todo',
'sphinxcontrib.restbuilder',
]
# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
templates_path = ['_templates']
# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
# This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']

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#!/bin/bash
sphinx-build -b rst ./github_readme ./
mv _sphinx_readme.rst _README.rst

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""" """
Run with a process monitor from a terminal using: Run with a process monitor from a terminal using::
$TERM -e watch -n 0.1 "pstree -a $$" & python examples/parallelism/we_are_processes.py && kill $!
$TERM -e watch -n 0.1 "pstree -a $$" \
& python examples/parallelism/we_are_processes.py \
&& kill $!
""" """
from multiprocessing import cpu_count from multiprocessing import cpu_count
@ -11,8 +14,11 @@ import trio
async def target(): async def target():
print(f"Yo, i'm '{tractor.current_actor().name}' " print(
f"running in pid {os.getpid()}") f"Yo, i'm '{tractor.current_actor().name}' "
f"running in pid {os.getpid()}"
)
await trio.sleep_forever() await trio.sleep_forever()